学生辅导员制度与“红色工程师治国”——中国高等教育中一项政治精英生成制度的考察

Student Political Instructor and Governance of China by“Red Engineers”

学生辅导员制度是清华大学1953年始建、此后虽有短暂中断却一直延续至今的学生培养制度,清华大学实施这一制度培养了一大批领袖人才。这项制度既富有社会主义政党与苏式教育的要素,也深具传统中国政治与教育的特色,是一种基于专业教育的精英选拔与能力培养机制。这种"又红又专"的"政治-学术兼容模式",以所培养的毕业生在当代中国政治发展中所取得的成就,证实了其自身的实践绩效,也提示了这一模式的适用条件。

Tsinghua University launched its student political instructor system in 1953. Lots of Chi- na＇s top leaders graduated from Tsinghua and many once worked as student political instructors. The political instructor system not only contains socialist party and education elements but also embodies the Chinese political and educational tradition. Unlike student party members and students in professional party schools, student political instructors need to be both politically sound and professionally compe- tent hence the descriptor ＂loads on both shoulders＂. The system selects top students and trains them under intense academic and political pressures, equipping them with strong competitiveness for future career development.