不同因素对驾驶人夜间视认距离影响

Effects of Different Factors on Visual Cognition Distance of Drivers at Night

为研究夜间行车时人-车-路系统中一些隐性因素对驾驶人视认距离的影响,进行实际道路试验。共选择35名被试者,黑白2色障碍物颜色,黑色沥青和白色水泥2种路面道路;在不同车速、不同驾驶室环境照度条件下,进行障碍物视认距离标定试验。整理全部试验结果,统计检验不同因素对视认距离的影响,分析视认距离变化规律。研究结果显示,车速、驾驶室环境照度、障碍物颜色等对驾驶人夜间视认距离有显著影响,道路环境颜色对比度对这种距离的影响不显著。夜间行车时,为保证行车安全,应降低驾驶室环境照度,提高路上其他因素颜色视认性,驾驶人应适当降低车速,以适应视认距离变小的情况。

While driving at night, drivers＇ perception distance would be affected by some hidden factors in the driver-vehicle-road system. In order to study the influence, 35 subjects were selected to participate in the actual road tests, obstacles were respectively black and white, and test roads were respectively black asphalt pavement and white cement road surface. Under condition of different speeds and different cabin environmental luminosities, calibration tests on obstacles perception distance were carried out. The varia- tion law of perception distance was analyzed through trimming all the test results and statistical testing of impact induced by different factors. Results show that vehicle speed, environmental luminosity in cabin and obstacles＇ color have a significant influence on the driver＇s perception distance at night, that influence of contrast between road environment colors is not significant, that for driving at night, environmental lumi- nosity in cabin should be reduced to improve color visibility of other factors on road to improve driving safe- ty, and that driving speed should be reduced appropriately to meet condition that perception distance be- came smaller.