不同产量水平花生群体特征研究

The Population Characteristics of Peanut with Different Yield Levels

为探讨花生增产途径,本文以"日花2号"花生品种为材料,在大田条件下比较了一般产量(FY)、区域高产(RHY)和试验高产(EHY)三个不同产量水平下的花生群体特征,结果表明,与两高产水平相比,一般产量水平(FY)花生群体的叶面积系数(LAI)、叶片氮浓度和粒叶比均较低,结荚后干物质累积比例小;生育后期营养体干重降低快,荚果增重慢,成熟期的单位面积果数和双仁果数低,因此群体源库数量不足是低产花生产量的主要限制因素,增大源强度是由一般产量水平提升到区域高产的主要途径;而两高产田花生群体特征相比,区域高产田(RHY)的最大LAI和试验高产田花生相当,但区域高产田LAI高值持续期短,饱果期氮累积和荚果增长速率慢,成熟期双仁果率低,加强生育中后期的营养调控,延长LAI高值持续期是区域高产变试验高产的主攻方向。

Peanut is one of the most important commercial oilseed crops in China. Peanut pod yield was only about 1/3 of peanut yield potential, it is important to increase its production. The field experiment was conducted with the variety of Rihua2 to investigate the plant population characteristics of peanut with three yield levels of farmer＇s practice pod yield （FY, about 4.5 t/ha）, regional high pod yield （RHY, about 6.0 t/ha） and experimental high pod yield （EHY, about 7.5 t/ha） respective- ly, in order to improve the yield of peanut through nutrient management and practical measures. The results showed that compared to RHY and EHY, the peanut with FY had lower leaf area index （LAI）, leaf nitrogen concentration and the ratios of grain to leaf, lower accumulation contribution proportion of dry matter from post-pod setting to mature. At the later stage, its dry weight of vegetative organs decreased faster and the pod weight increased slower, the pod number per plant or area at mature stage of FY were lower than that of RHY and EHY; The results indicated that the major lim iting factor to farmer＇s practice was the deficiency of population quantity, it was important to improve its population quality. As to the difference between RHY and EHY, the leaf area index of RHY was similar to EHY, but it had shorter duration of high LAI, lower nitrogen accumulation and pod dry matter accumulation rate at pod filling stage, and higher double-seed pods rate at maturity stage, the measures for promoting yield of RHY is to maintain a higher photosynthesis duration through nutrient supply at later stage.