大城市内城创意产业集群形成演化的影响因素分析——以上海M50为例

An Analysis of Influence Factors of the Formation and the Evolution of the Creative Industry Cluster in the Inner City of the Developed City in China——The Case of M50 in Shanghai

不少理论与实践表明创意阶层青睐于发达城市的内城空间。在西方城市示范作用下,我国一些发达城市的内城也涌现出不少创意产业集群。这些集群发展历史并不长,但在多种因素的驱动下,集群的发展却在悄然中经历着一些变化。通过对自发形成的文化创意产业集群——上海M50的分析,发现偶然因素、低廉地租、地方特质是M50创意集群萌芽的主要推动力,这一阶段集群的主体是画家;随后"区域信息浑浊场"、地方品牌的吸引力、价值链共同驱动画廊的到来和更多画家的追随,这一阶段集群的主体变成画家与画廊;地租的攀升导致部分画家逃离,在网络协作以及外部联系管道的驱动下,M50内的成员呈现多元化,以商业性画廊为主、画家为辅以及其他设计企业共存的视觉创意集群形成。资本的逐利性使得以原创艺术家集聚带来的内城文化创意集群在发展中遭遇着"创意"与"生意"的碰撞,为保证集群未来发展不偏离创意方向,政府的制度保障以及集群管理方长远目光是非常必要的。

Trough the analysis of the formation and the development of the M50, which is a cultural and creative industry cluster formed spontaneously, the paper finds the historical accident, the low rent and the locality play a key role in the embryonic stage of M50--artists gather. The local buzz, the local brand and the value chain drive the formation of the cluster of the artists and artist galleries; with the rising rent, some artists leaving, the network collaboration and the global pipe drive the formation of the M50 as a gallery- based cluster of visual arts. Profit-driven capital makes the creative cluster, which is formed by the original artists in the inner city, encounter with the collision of the ＂creativity＂ and ＂business＂. Ensuring the cluster do not deviate from the creative direction in the future, it is required of the government＇s systemetic protection and the management＇ s long-term vision.