5-12岁儿童反事实情绪的发展及调节因素

The Development Counterfactual Emotion and its Influential Factors of Children From 5 to 12 Years

通过通过两个实验对5-12岁儿童反事实情绪发展及其影响因素进行了探索。实验一检验"自我-他人"以及情境因素对儿童反事实情绪发生的影响。结果发现,我国儿童在5岁左右已经获得反事实情绪能力,"自我-他人"效应只对学前儿童的反事实情绪有影响;不同任务下,儿童的反事实情绪表现有差异。实验二探索多重反事实选项的对比对反事实情绪的作用。发现有预期组被试的反事实情绪与无预期组被试的反事实情绪有显著差异,表明儿童反事实情绪不仅受反事实与事实对比的影响,还受预期反事实、反事实与事实三重对比的影响。

This study mainly explored the cause of counterfactual emotion and its influential factors. In experiment 1, self- other factor and situation factor were set as independent variables to explore the two factors＇ effect on the counter- factual emotion as the dependent variable. The results of experiment 1 showed that children from senior classes of kindergarten can experience regret and relief. Only preschool students are influenced by self-other factor, and sub- jects preformaned differently in different situation. In the experiment 2, by setting the situations, we contrasted counterfactual emotional strength of the children who had expecting outcome and that of the subjects who have no expecting outcome. The results of experiment 2 showed that whether or not having expectations would indeed influ- ence the subjects＇ initial emotional experiences.