精神分裂症患者病程与家属心理健康状况调查分析

Research about the relationship between course of schizophrenic patients and mental health of their family members

目的探讨精神分裂症患者病程与家属心理健康状况的相关性,为促进患者家属心理健康和培养良好应对方式提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,选取360名精神分裂症患者家属,按患者病程的长短将患者家属分为首发患者家属组(A组)、5年以下病程患者家属组(B组)、5年及以上病程患者家属组(C组)3组,通过调查法、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和Bradburn编制情感量表对3组患者家属心理健康状况进行调查分析。结果 3组SCL-90量表总分及各因子分均高于国内常模(P<0.05),A组SCL-90量表除敌对和偏执外其他各因子分及总分均高于B组(P<0.05),除焦虑、敌对、偏执外其他各因子分及总分均高于C组(P<0.01),B组躯体化、强迫、抑郁、恐怖因子分高于C组(P<0.05)。A组在正性情感、负性情感、情感平衡3个维度上均显著低于B组、C组(P<0.01)。结论精神分裂症患者家属普遍存在心理健康问题,且不同病程的患者家属存在的心理问题不尽相同,而随着病程迁延,家属的心理调节能力逐渐增强,心理满意程度渐趋稳定。

Objective To study the relationship between schizophrenia duration and the mental health of their family members so as to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of mental health and developing good coping styles in family members of schizophrenic patients. Methods 360 family members of schizophrenic patients were recruited by using random sampling and were divided into three groups according to the disease course of proband. Probands in group A （ll0 cases） were with first-episode schizophrenia. Course of disease of probands was less than 5 years in group B （122 cases） and more than 5 years in group C （ 128 cases）. All the members in three groups were assessed with self-designed general information questionnaire, Symptoms Checklist-90 items （SCL-90） and Bradburng emotional scale. Results Total score and all factor scores of SCL-90 in three groups were al] higher than national norm （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. Total score and all factor scores excePt for hostility and paranoid in B （P 〈 0.05）. Total score and all factor scores except significantly higher than those in group C （P 〈 0.01 ）. SCL-90 in group A were significantly higher than those in group for anxiety, hostility and paranoid in SCL-90 in group A were Factor scores of somatlzation, obsession, depression and phobia in SCL-90 in group B were significantly higher than those in group C （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Scores of positive emotion, negative emotion and emotion balance in Bradburn＇s emotional scale in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Mental health problems are common in family members of schizophrenic patients, and these problems varies with the length of disease course. The psychological adjustment capacity of schizophrenic familialities is strengthened gradually with the prolongation of disease course.