认知语境与语用能力

Cognitive Context and Pragmatic Competence

语境是语用能力的一个核心要素,传统上对语用能力的理解多为静态的语境观,过度关注语用行为的形式与策略,忽视了交际的动态性特征以及语用能力的认知内涵。本文基于认知语境的动态性特征,认为语用能力是在语言交际中,交际者能够依据明示语境经过认知加工提取出相关的缺省语境,不断顺应或重新建构认知语境,从而产出合适话语的一系列反应。它包括语用知识、语用意识和语用表现三个部分。

Context plays a critical role in understanding pragmatic competence .Traditional ideas about prag-matic competence is based on static concept of context , giving excessive attention to the forms and strategies of pragmatic acts and neglecting the dynamic nature of communication as well as the cognitive meaning of pragmatic competence .Based on the dynamic nature of context , this paper believes that pragmatic competence is a series of actions that communicators produce when they constantly adapt to or reconstruct cognitive context in retrieving rele -vant default context according to the explicit stimulus context in speech communication .Pragmatic competence can be analyzed in terms of pragmatic knowledge , pragmatic performance and pragmatic awareness .