珠海市社区居民生活方式调查分析

Analysis of Investigation for Unhealthy Life Styles of the Community Residents in Zhuhai

目的了解居民存在的不健康生活方式现状,及其对自身不健康生活方式的认知和行为改变情况,并分析造成差异的可能原因,为有效开展全民健康生活方式行动提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对珠海市250名18~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查。结果居民存在的不健康生活方式的数量与文化程度有关(χ_R^2=27.182,P<0.01),文化程度较低者,生活中存在的不健康生活方式较多。锻炼不够、口味比较成为目前普遍存在的不健康生活方式,分别占调查人数的85.2%和76.5%。认识到自身锻炼不够者和认识到自身口味较成者中,均有超过50.0%的人没有做出相应的行为改变,且不同文化程度间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=12.816、5.142,P>0.05)。结论不同文化程度居民的不健康生活方式存在差异,应加大对文化程度较低人群的健康教育干预力度。同时通过利用社会支持系统、提供健康支持性工具与支持环境等措施,综合提高居民改变自身不健康生活方式的信心和自我效能,以促成最终的行为改变。

OBJECTIVE To understand the existing current state of unhealthy life styles and the cognitions and behaviors of the residents. Meanwhile, the reasons for the differences have been analyzed in order to provide an effective implementation of a national health lifestyle action based on scientific methods. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling was used to investigate 250 people living in Zhuhai City, between the ages of 18-69 years old. RESULTS The number of residents living under unhealthy life styles is associated with the educational background0（~=27. 182,P〈0.01）. Majority of the residents with lower educational attainment live under unhealthy life styles. Withouting enough exercise and high sodium diets of overcoming the unhealthy life styles that prevail in the residents and accounted for 85.2% and 76.5%. The residents are aware that personal exercise is not enough and high sodium diets, therefore, more than 50% people did not make any improvement in their unhealthy living behavior. There were no significant difference between different education degree （y2= 12.816, 5.142, P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION The different education level resident of unhealthy life style methods exist differences. It needs an increase in the health education to be enforced in the general lower education level people. Therefore, through the use of social support systems, health support tools must he provided, build health support environment complex measures, raise up residents＇ self-reliance and improve living standards by self-efficacy in order to facilitate the final improvement of behavior.