随州市曾都区2008—2012年5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

The Analyse of Death Situation of Children under Five Years in Zengdouqu District of Suizhou from 2008 to 2012

目的了解随州市曾都区5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势及主要死亡原因,为制定降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的干预措施提供依据。方法对2008—2012年随州市曾都区29个乡镇(办事处、农场)623例5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行回顾性分析,总结5岁以下儿童死亡率的变化趋势、死亡年龄的结构特点和死亡原因。结果 5年间,随着住院分娩率的上升,5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势;儿童死亡主要发生在婴儿期;儿童死亡的原因主要为早产或低出生体重儿、出生窒息、肺炎、意外窒息、先天性心脏病、溺水以及其他先天异常,以先天性心脏病及其他先天异常死亡率增多,其他出生窒息、早产或低出生体重儿和肺炎死亡率仍居高不下。结论要降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,需采取积极的干预措施,首先加强孕产期保健管理,优生优育,降低出生缺陷,提高产科、新生儿科服务质量,积极推广产科、新生儿科适宜技术,降低婴儿特别是新生儿死亡率,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends and main reasons of child within 5 years old, aming at providing the foundation for formulating the interventions to reduce the mortality rate. METHODS It analyze 623 cases of child deseas monitoring dates in 29 villiges and towns of Suizhou from 2008 to 2012, including the trends, age structure, reasons. RESULTS During the past 5 years, the mortality rate decreased by year owe to increasing hospital delivery rate. Child deaths occur primarily in infancy.Preterm birth/low birth weight, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, accidenal asphyxia, congenital heart disease, drowning and other congenital anomalies are the main reasons. The courses of congenital heart disease and other congenital anomalies increase, while the reasons of birth asphyxia, premature delivery/low birth weight infants still remain high. CONCLUSION To reduce the mortality of children within 5 years old, it is needed to take intervention measures, strengthen pregnancy health care management, eugenics, reduce the birth defect, improve obstetrics, neonatology service quality, promote the advanced technology actively and reduce the mortality of the baby especially neonate.