赣江源自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值初步评价

Forest Ecosystem Services and Valuations of Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve

森林是地球上重要的生态系统,森林的生态系统服务功能价值非常丰富,而且是人类赖以生存的基础。采用直接市场法、成本法、替代工程法、碳税法等方法,对江西省赣江源自然保护区的森林生态系统服务功能价值进行分析和评估。结果表明:赣江源自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能总价值为(75.59~760.05)亿元,其中,林产品价值为0.02亿元,森林休闲游憩价值为2.08亿元,森林涵养水源价值为(1.40~675.00)亿元,森林土壤保持价值为49.56亿元,森林CO2固定价值为(7.23~26.19)亿元,森林O2释放价值为(7.20~15.30)亿元等。可以看出,林产品价值和森林休闲游憩价值在森林生态系统服务功能总价值中所占比例较小,表明赣江源自然保护区可开发利用的功能价值潜力巨大。赣江源自然保护区作为赣江流域的源头区,对整个流域的生态环境都具有重要作用和影响,因此,应该建立源头区的生态补偿机制,加强自然保护区的保护和生态环境建设,维持森林生态系统服务功能的完整性,实现社会经济的可持续发展。

Forest is a most important aspect in the ecosystem on the earth, and its ecosystem services, functions and values are plentiful enough, which are the basis for human survival. The methods of direct market prices, opportunity-cost, substitution expenditure, and carbon taxes were utilized to valuate the values of the ecosystem service functions of Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. The results indicated that the annual general values of the forest ecosystem services in this area amounted to 7.559-76.005 billion yuan （Chinese RMB）, of which 0.002 billion yuan was for the forest products, 0.208 billion yuan for the forest landscapes and tourism, 0.14-67.5 billion yuan for the storing water, 4.956 billion yuan for the soil conservation, 0.723-2.619billion yuan for the carbon dioxide fixation, and 0.72-1.53 billion yuan for the oxygen production. Therefore, it could be found that the percentage of the forest products and forest tourism in the valuation was relatively small in the total valuation of the forest ecosystem services, which also implied the huge values of the potential development and utilization here. Furthermore, Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve is the source of Ganjiang watershed, which plays the important role in maintaining the ecological balance and environmental protection. Thus, an ecological compensation mechanism should be founded here, the environmental protection and ecological reconstruction should be strengthened, and the integrality of the forest ecosystem services should be maintained, so that the sustainable socio-economic development could be realized in the source region.