农村集体土地征收与补偿模式的变革

Deficiency and innovative of the rural collective land expropriation and compensation system

现行农村集体土地征收与补偿模式属于政府单一中心模式,它受制于土地所有权的国有和集体二元分层制度,排斥了农民承包土地经营权的资本化,使得失地农民没有获得应有的收益,且农民土地权利的司法救济途径不畅。基于农村集体土地是其所有权主体农民的基本生活保障和《宪法修正案》、《农村土地承包法》以及《物权法》等相关法律法规对农民合法权益的维护,现行农村集体土地征收与补偿模式亟待进行多中心变革。政府权力、社会权力和市场权力多中心治理的路径,可以实现政府主导、司法救济、社会参与和市场契约的和谐的征收与补偿秩序,是坚持社会主义生产资料公有制下的农村集体土地征收与补偿模式的变革之道。

The rural collective land can not only guarantee the farmers＇ basic living needs but also ensure to make farmers get added value of land in the process of urbanization. Governed by the two-lateral managing mechanism which means the land owned by the collective and nation, the present rural collective land expropriation and compensation system make the land-losing farmers lose their deserved interest due to the excluding of the capitalization of farmer＇s land management power, and farmer＇s judicial remedies for land rights is not free-flowing. Hence, this paper proposes to innovate the rural collective land expropriation and compensation system by building a polycentric governance, namely, the administrative executive power, the social rights excercised by non-governmental organizations and market rights.