梁漱溟和黄炎培乡村教育思想比较研究

Comparative Study of Liang Shuming's and Huang Yanpei's Rural Education Thoughts

梁漱溟和黄炎培是20世纪二三十年代中国乡村教育思潮中出于教育救国的共同目的而途径路向、视角取向各异的教育实验家,他们的教育思想内容丰富、特点鲜明、富有远见。两人的乡村教育思想存在诸多共同点,都主张采用创办乡村实验区引领乡村教育的教育实践方式,教育理论都带有显著的大教育观,都选择以乡村教育架起乡民和社会之间桥梁的教育路径,教育目的都是繁荣农村、富民救国。两人的乡村教育思想也存在差异,梁漱溟认为中国社会的本质问题是文化崩溃,应以文化复兴拯救农村;黄炎培认为学校教育和社会生产脱节是社会问题的症结所在,应发展以职业教育为核心的乡村教育。

Liang Shuming and Huang Yanpei, two famous Chinese education experimenters in 1920s and 30s rural education ideological trend, had the same belief of saving nation by education but different methods and views. Their thoughts were both comprehensive, distinctive and insightful, and had lots in common, such as advo- cating rural education practice led by rural experimental area, having significant education concept of their educa- tion theories, choosing the education path of connecting villagers and society by rural education, aiming at realizing the prosperity of the nation. However, their thoughts also had differences. Liang Shuming believed that the essen- tial problem of society was the collapse of culture, and the rural society could be saved by culture revival. And Huang Yanpei thought that the essential problem was the disjunction between education and production, and rural education focusing on vocational education should be developed.