星级饭店效率的时空分析及其与区域经济的响应

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Star-rated Hotels' Efficiency and its Response to Regional Economy

以大陆省级区域2000—2011年的面版数据为例,综合运用修正的DEA模型、变异系数、核密度函数、空间自相关、重心等方法,对各省星级饭店的各项效率进行时空分析,最后结合脉冲响应函数,分析区域经济对各项效率的深度影响机理。结果表明:星级饭店是当前旅游业中技术效率较高的行业之一,2000—2011年省际星级饭店总效率受纯技术效率驱动。各项效率的发展差异总体上减小,星级饭店总效率的核密度曲线表现出单峰的特征,纯技术效率与规模效率的核密度曲线表现出多峰特征。总效率与规模效率表现出与省际经济发展水平不同的空间分布态势,纯技术效率表现出与省际经济发展水平大致相同的空间分布格局,纯技术效率的重心相对于总效率与规模效率,更加偏东。脉冲响应分析结果表明:总体上区域经济对总效率与规模效率有一定的正向冲击,纯技术效率对区域经济表现出长期波动的响应特征。未来需进一步转变增长方式,增加科技、人才、资金、知识等方面的投入,提倡星级饭店的集约化增长。

By taking the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2011 in Chinese mainland for example, comprehensively u- sing the methods of modified DEA model, coefficient variation, kernel density function, spatial autocorrelation, gravity centre, this article analyzes the star-rated hotels＇ efficiency of every province through spatio-temporal ways, at last, combined with the impulse response function, it analyzes the deep impact mechanism about regional economy to every ef- ficiency. The results show that： The technology efficiency of star-rated hotels is relative higher in tourism industry, the total efficiency of provincial star-rated hotels is determined by pure technology efficiency from 2000 to 2011. Generally speaking, the developed difference of every efficiency is reduced, the kernel density curve of total efficiency roughly presents a single peak characteristic, the kernel density curve of pure technology and scale efficiency roughly exhibits multimodal features. The total and scale efficiency of provincial star-rated hotels presents a different spatial distribution to provincial economy; however, the pure technology efficiency roughly presents the same spatial distribution of provin- cial economy. Compared to total efficiency and scale efficiency, the gravity centre of pure technology efficiency is more easterly. The results of impulse response analysis show that： Regional economy generally has some positive impact on to- tal and scale efficiency, pure technology efficiency has a long-term fluctuation characteristic in the response of regional economy. It should change the growth mode, increase technology, talent, capital, knowledge et al, advocate the inten-sire growth mode in star-rated hotels.