中国农村土地政策创新需求与优化途径——基于近年统计数据与文献资料的思考

Innovation Demand and Approach of Rural Land Policy in China: Analysis Based on Statistic and Literature Data in Recent Years

研究目的:探寻城乡转型发展背景下农村土地政策创新的可能途径。研究方法:文献资料法和综合分析法。研究结果:农村土地问题表现在保(耕地保护)、稳(地权稳定)、流(农地流转)、征(土地征用)等各个领域,面临农户生计多样化、城乡关系转型、现代农业发展等良好机遇,农村土地政策创新的条件与时机成熟。研究结论:建议借鉴国际经验,从土地发展权补偿、土地承包经营权退出、土地经营权有序流转、征地完善与集体建设用地入市、顶层制度设计等方面创新农村土地政策。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the innovation approach of rural land policy under the transformational development peri- od. Methods of documentation and induction were employed. The results indicate that rural land problem exists mainly in cultivated land pro- tection, land rights stability, arable land transfer, rural land expropriation, etc. Against the background of livelihood diversification, transition of urban-rural relations, and modern agricultural development, the macroscopic environment of rural land use in China has undergone pro- found changes, and hence the conditions and the time of innovating rural land system and mechanism are ripe enough. Finally, policy sugges- tions, including substitution of rural land development rights, secession of land contractual management rights, conduction of arable land transfer, transaction of rural construction land, perfection of relevant system, are provided.