土地挂牌出让中相关法律关系辨析

Analysis on Legal Relationship Pertaining to Land Listing

研究目的:通过对挂牌出让过程中有关法律关系进行,对现有土地挂牌出让中不够明确的法律关系提出建议,供下步挂牌出让规定修改时参考。研究方法:文献资料法、综合分析法。研究结果:报名阶段,申请人的申请应当是要约,出让人的确认是承诺,标的是挂牌竞买资格。竞买阶段,竞买人的报价相当于要约,出让人按约定的规则以最高报价确定竞买人则是承诺,标的就是挂牌宗地。研究结论:挂牌出让文件实际上是一种特殊的要约,一种特殊的具有法定约束力的文件,挂牌出让活动参与各方都受挂牌出让文件的约束。简单的把挂牌出让文件归类于要约或要约邀请都与土地挂牌出让的现有规定不符。

The purpose of the study is to provide a reference for the next law revision on listing by illuminating the legal relationship about listing and making suggestions to some vague legal relationship on listing existed in the regulations. Research methods include literature study and comprehensive analysis. The result of the study can be understood by two stages： application stage and bidding stage. In applica- tion stage, the offer is application, the commitment is confirmation from transferor and the object is bidding qualification; while in bidding stage, the offer is quotation, the commitment is the rule that the highest bidder is the owner, and the object is the listing land. It can be con- eluded that Land Listing Document is a special offer and a special document with legal binding, all of the participants bind to this document. Therefore, it is out of the regulations of listing to classify Land Listing Document into offer or offer invitation.