饲料蛋白水平对斑节对虾生长、血液生化指标及体成分的影响

Effects of dietary protein levels on growth,blood biochemical parameters and body composition of Penaeus monodon

研究了蛋白含量为34%、38%和42%的3种饲料对斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)血液生化指标和体成分组成的影响。实验结果表明,斑节对虾的特定生长率(S GR)在不同的饲料组中均有显著性差异(P<0.05),特定生长率随着饲料蛋白水平的上升而上升;存活率(S R)在各饲料组中差异显著(P<0.05),在38%蛋白水平饲料组中最高。斑节对虾血液中的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)两种酶的活性和总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)的含量表现出随着蛋白水平的增加而上升的趋势,且在各饲料组中均有显著性差异(P<0.05);血液中葡萄糖(GLUC)的含量也随着饲料蛋白水平的上升而上升,但上升的趋势不明显;血液中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)的含量在34%和38%蛋白水平饲料组中趋于一致,在42%蛋白水平饲料组中TG和CHOL的含量均有所上升,CHOL的上升趋势更为明显。随着饲料蛋白水平的增加,斑节对虾全虾蛋白质含量上升;水分含量下降,但下降趋势不明显(P>0.05);灰分和脂肪的含量没有规律性的变化。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different protein contents of feed on the blood biochemical indicators and body nutritional composition of Penaeus monodon . The feed of dietary protein contents of 34%, 38% and 42% were selected to feed Penaeus monodon for 54 days, and the total protein （ TP）, albumin （ ALB ）, triglycerides （TG） and other biochemical indicators in blood of Penaeus monodon and the body nutritional composition were evaluated and analyzed to compare the difference of Penaeus monodon blood indicators and body nutritional composition to provide the basic data for Penaeus monodon growth and nutrition metabolism. The results sh differences （ P 〈 0. survival rate （ SR ） in 38% protein lev owed that the specific growth rate （SGR） of Penaeus monodon demonstrated significant 05 ） in different diet groups, SGR increased with the increase of diet protein level; the also showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05 ） in different diet groups, SR was the highest el group. Blood biochemical indicators of Penaeus monodon were determined by Beckman Synchron CX 5 automatic biochemical analyzer, the activity of blood glutamic - pyruvic transaminase （GPT） showed an upward trend along with the increase of diet protein levels, glutamic - oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT）, and the content of total protein （TP） and albumin （ALB） were the same, and they all showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05 ） in different diet groups. Blood glucose （GLUC） levels also increased with the increase of diet protein level but the rising trend was not obvious ; the level of triglyceride （TG） and the content of cholesterol （CHOL） in blood tended to be consistent in the 34% and 38% diet protein levels, and both of them increased in 42% diet protein level, while the rising trend of CHOL was more obvious. With the increase of diet protein level, the protein content of Penaeus monodon increased, meanwhile, moisture content decreased while the downward trend was not obvious （P 〉 0.05 ）, and the content of ash and fat changed in a unorganized way. The above results could be used in production practice, the diary feed of more than 38% protein content level should be used in the process of aquaculture and the protein content of the feed should be increased appropriately to speed up the growth of Penaeus monodon, increase the resistance of blood on the pathogenic bacteria and virus, improve body protein deposition, in order to meet consumer demands for high protein food.