基于引力模型的农村医疗服务需求理论与实证研究

The Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Demand of Rural Medical Services Based on Gravity Model

目的:研究农村医疗服务需求的影响因素。方法:从个体效用函数和医疗机构的利润目标函数出发,推导得到医疗服务需求的引力模型,并利用江西省部分县区医院的数据回归检验模型。结果:研究得到影响医疗服务量的主要因素来自医疗供给方面。随着居民可支配收入的增长,对医疗服务需求弹性下降,同时就医距离对医疗服务需求弹性上升。结论:增加医疗服务的可及性,应该以满足居民个人需求为中心,促进民营医院和私立医院发展;限制大医院规模促使大医院分离低附加值医疗服务,促进分级诊疗制度的有效实施。

Objective： To study the influencing factors of the rural medical service demand. Methods： The gravity model of medical service demand was derived based on Individual utility function and profit objective function of medical institutions, and the data regression examine model of some county-level and district-level hospital were used. Results： According to the research, the main factors influenced the quantity of medical services come from medical supplies. With the increase of resident disposable income, the elasticity of demand for medical services decreased, while visiting distance of elasticity of demand for medical services increased. Conclusion： To increase the accessibility of medical service, it needs to set meeting the resident＇s personal demand as the center, to promote the development of private hospitals. The scale of large hospitals should be limited so as to lead large-scale hospitals to separate low value-added medical services and to promote effective implementation of the treatment classification system.