海底管道泄漏事故统计分析

Statistical analysis of leakage accidents of submarine pipeline

统计分析了墨西哥湾和中国海域203起海底管道泄漏事故,得出第三方破坏、冲刷悬空、管道腐蚀为事故主要致因。分析了第三方破坏的起因,提出了应对措施和维护方法。建立了海底管道悬跨鱼刺图模型,认为设计埋深不合理、施工埋深不足、未采取保护措施、施工质量不达标和地形数据不准确是导致悬跨的深层次原因,并提出悬跨防控措施。指出引起海底管道腐蚀的因素包括防腐层失效、阴极保护失效、管道自身缺陷等,给出了减少腐蚀泄漏的措施。统计分析结果可为降低海底管道运行风险水平、提高日常作业管理和事故应急能力提供参考。(图4,表1,参15)。

Statistics on 203 leakage accidents of submarine pipelines in the Mexico Gulf and China seas shows that the main reasons causing these accidents are the third-party damage, scouting suspension and pipeline corrosion. Causes of the third- party damage are analyzed, and countermeasures and maintenance methods are proposed. Submarine pipeline fish-bone diagram model is built, with which the underlying reasons behind pipeline suspension are found out including unreasonable design buried depth, construction buried depth less than required depth, no protection measures, poor construction quality and inaccurate terrain data, and countermeasures are put forward accordingly. It is pointed out that the factors causing submarine pipeline corrosion include failure of anti-corrosion coating, failure of cathodic protection and defects of pipeline itself, and measures to reduce corrosion leakage are proposed. The statistical results can provide a reference to the reduction risk level of submarine pipeline operation and improvement of the daily operation and management and accident reponse ability for subsea pipelines. （4 Figures, 1 Table, 15 References）