KIS集聚、空间溢出与制造业创新——基于中国283个城市面板数据的实证研究

The Agglomeration of KIS,Spatial Spillover Effects and Innovation Capability of Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from 283 Cities in China

基于已有调研观察及案例分析文献,文章按照空间经济学规范范式理出了两个关于KIS集聚影响制造业创新的重要实证命题,并根据命题特性提出了相应的实证模型,进而引入2005-2007年间中国283个城市KIS产业及工业企业数据,在考虑空间互动的基础上,对相关命题予以检验。研究显示:KIS空间集聚能够显著地改善中国本土制造企业的创新效率,以两类代表性KIS产业数据为例的回归分析表明,KIS产业集聚不仅对所在地区本土制造企业的创新产出增长具有显著的正效应,通过空间关联性,KIS集聚还能产生跨区域创新效应。进一步基于企业分组比对的检验揭示,KIS集聚-创新效应因企业的规模以及企业所在行业技术水平不同而异。其中:小企业的创新对本地区KIS产业集聚不甚敏感,但对其他地区KIS集聚的关联效应较为敏感;大中型企业的创新则同时得益于其所在地区以及其他地区的KIS集聚;中高技术企业较之低技术企业更多地获益于KIS空间集聚。

Based on the existing observational surveys and case study literatures, this paper identifies two substantial empirical propositions which describe how the agglomeration of KIS influences the innovation of manufacturing firms with the norms of spatial economics＇ paradigm. We designed an empirical model according to the characteristics of the two propositions and tested them with data of KIS and manufacturing firms in 283 Chinese cities during 2005-2007. The results show that the spatial concentration of two repre- sentative KIS sectors in urban areas not only contains a significant positive effect on the innovative efficiency of indigenous manufactur-ing enterprises in the same urban area, but also exerts spatial interactive effects in neighboring cities. In addition, tests based on dif- ferent groups of manufacturing sectors reveal that the innovative effects that KIS on manufacturing firms varied across firms with differ- ent scale or technology intensity. In particular, SMEs are more sensitive to the spatial concentration of KIS in neighboring cities, com- pared with that in the same city. This is in contrary to the findings of empirical tests from the data of medium and large firms. Further- more, indigenous firms in medium and high-teeh sectors benefit much more from agglomeration of KIS than those in low-tech sectors.