扩大国家免疫规划疫苗品种选择的影响因素分析

Analysis of the factors influencing choice of target vaccines in the expanded program on immunization

疫苗接种是预防、控制乃至消灭传染病的有效手段。随着我国经济实力及政府对人民健康重视程度的不断提升,可以预见将会有更多的疫苗被纳入到国家免疫规划中。将何种疫苗纳入国家免疫规划是一项重大的系统工程,科学地选择疫苗品种有助于提高我国卫生资源的配置效率。本文从国外疫苗纳入决策程序及其影响因素等相关研究进行了分析总结,以期为我国选择免疫规划疫苗品种,以及企业进行疫苗研发和生产等相关决策提供参考。结果表明,疾病负担、疫苗有效性、疫苗安全性、疫苗经济性等12个因素是影响一种疫苗能否纳入我国免疫规划的因素。下一步应着重评估各影响因素的权重,进一步完善我国疫苗品种评估方法。

Vaccination is an effective way to prevent,control and eradicate infectious diseases.With the economic growth and increasing health demand in China,more and more vacation-preventable infectious disease will be introduced into expanded program on immunization（EPI）.A scientific decision-making procedure on vaccine introduction is necessary to improve the efficiency of the allocation of health resources in China.The authors will focus on how to provide a useful reference and external experience for making decision on vaccine introduction,vaccine development and production.It showed that twelve factors,such as the burden of disease,vaccine efficacy,vaccine safety and vaccine economics,may decide whether a vaccine will be introduced into immunization programs or not.The further research should be focused on assessing the weight of these nine factors to perfect vaccine introduction procedures in China.