光照和温度对百合属6种植物种子萌发的影响

Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of 6 species of Lilium L.

对不同光照和温度条件对条叶百合 (LiliumcallosumSieb .etZucc .)、大花卷丹〔L .leichtliniiHook .f.var.maximowiczii(Regel)Baker〕、有斑百合〔L .concolorSalisb .var.pulchellum (Fisch .)Regel〕、川百合 (L .davidiiDuchartre)、毛百合 (L .dauricumKer Gawl.)和东北百合 (L .distichumNakai)种子萌发的影响进行了研究。结果表明 :光照对有斑百合、川百合和毛百合种子萌发有明显促进作用 ,可缩短种子萌发时间 ,提高种子萌发率。 2 4h光照下种子萌发完全所需天数比 12h光照少 ,种子萌发率以 2 4h光照最佳。避光条件下温度对大花卷丹、有斑百合、毛百合、川百合及东北百合种子萌发率和萌发速度有影响 ,对条叶百合种子影响最大 ,其种子萌发最适温度为2 0℃ ,5～ 6d开始萌动 ,2～ 3周萌发完全 ,随着温度的升高或降低其种子萌发率下降。光照条件下 ,变温对种子萌发影响不明显。子叶留土类型的毛百合种子有二次休眠现象 ,90 0 0lx光照能代替低温解除二次休眠。经不同前处理的百合种子萌发率和萌发速度不同。

The effects of light and temperature on seed germination of \%Lilium callosum \%Sieb. et Zucc., \%L. leichtlinii \%Hook. f. var. \%maximowiczii \%(Regel) Baker, \%L. concolor \%Salish. var. \%pulchellum \%(Fisch.) Regel, \%L. davidii \%Duchartre, \%L. dauricum \%Ker\|Gawl. and \%L. distichum \%Nakai were studied. The results showed that light obviously improved the seed germination of \%L.concolor \%var. \%pulchellum, L. davidii \%and \%L. dauricum \%, it shortened seed germination duration of these species and enhanced the percentage of their germination. Days for germinating of all seeds under 24 h illumination were less than those of seeds under 12 h, 24 h illumination was the optimum condition. The result also revealed that the percentage and rate of seed germination were influenced by temperature to \%L. leichtlinii \%var. \%maximowiczii, L. concolor \%var. \%pulchellum, L. dauricum, L. davidii \%and \%L. distichum \%in the dark treatment, with the strongest influence to \%L. callosum\%. The optimum temperature to \%L. callosum \%seed germination was 20℃. The percentage of \%L. callosum \%seed germination was decrease with the change of temperature, but the influence was not apparent in light environment. The phenomenon of secondary dormancy of \%L. dauricum\%, a species with hypogeous germination, could be relieved by the light of 9 000 lx illumination to substitute for low temperature treatment.