中国异域杂草的考察与分析

Survey and analysis of exotic weeds in China

经过调查研究和对大量文献资料的整理和分析 ,中国的异域杂草有 10 8种 ,隶属 2 3科 ,来源于世界各地 ,而其中美洲起源的占 6 0 %。这些异域杂草 5 8%是作为有用植物引进的 ,其余则随交通工具、进口农产品等途径无意传入。对传入时间的分析表明 ,自古代以来就有异域杂草的传入 ,而随着国际交往的日益频繁呈上升趋势。异域杂草在中国的分布是其固有的环境生态适应性。

One hundred and eight species of exotic weeds belonging to 23 families were identified and recorded in China through investigation and referring to the related literatures. Among the exotic weeds originating from various regions in the world, those originated from America accounted for 60%. Concerning the introduction ways, 58% of the exotic weeds were introduced as useful plants, while the others were introduced accidentally in accompany with transportation, imports of agricultural products, etc. The analysis of introduction time indicated that the exotic weeds have been introduced since ancient times, and exotic weeds augmented as the international exchanges grew. The distribution of the exotic weeds in China was governed by the integration of the inherent ecological adaptability of the weeds, their spread capability and the human spread activities.