反训性质探究

Exploration on the Nature of Enantiosemy

传统训诂学认为以反义相训为反训。本文对"反训"说赖以提出的原始材料,即郭注《尔雅》和《方言》中的几组反训词,进行分析,认为反训作为一种词汇现象是成立的,但作为一个训诂术语则是不妥的。在古汉语词汇中,有的词具有相反相对的两个意义,在具体运用时,人们使用的是与常用义相反的引申义,但在训释时,学者们则用反义词解释其与常用义相反的引申义。究其实质,反训仍然应属于互训或同训中特殊的一种,是同义相训而不是反义相训。

Enantiosemy is deemed as one kind of explanation by using antonymy. This paper, based on the original ma- terial, several groups of enantiosemy words in Erya and Dialect, argues that enantiosemy is true as a lexical phenome- non, but it may seem improper as a terminology. A word, in ancient Chinese vocabulary, has two meanings which are contrary. In communication, people may use the extended meaning which is contrary to its common meaning, but in the study, scholars explain the extended meaning according to its antonym. Therefore, enantiosemy is in effect still a kind of mutual glossing, not explaining by using antonymy.