汉简《老子》中的“异文”和“义旨”示例及考辨

An Etymological Probe into Some Unusual Characters and Their Interpretation in Laozi's Dao De Jing from the Han Dynasty

汉简《老子》是继帛书《老子》甲乙本、郭店简《老子》之后的又一个出土的《老子》传抄本,将它同其他三种出土文本和传世本比较,其中的"异文"就是一个重要的现象。这些异文的一部分,有的是有关宇宙观方面的,有的是有关美德和治道方面的,它们是否带来了义旨上的变化,不可一概而论,只有从文字、义理两方面进行细致的考辨才能得出比较切实的论断。

There are four different versions of Laozi's Dao De Jing,which include Laozi from the Han Dynasty Bamboo slips, Laozi from the Mawangdui Tomb Silk Texts(Text A and Text B),and Laozi from Guodian Bamboo Slips of Chu Kingdom. Some unusual characters are found in the Han Dynasty Bamboo slips compared with the other three versions. This paper tries to explore the classical use of those unusual characters and their discoursive meaning in Laozi from the Han Dynasty Bamboo slips. It is scarcely to conclude that these unusual expressions stand for different meanings though they cover a wide range of topics, such as cosmology, moral issues and governance theory and so on. The convincing conclusion will be drawn on the careful etymological and semantic comparison.