应用PRECEDE模式分析中青年冠状动脉硬化性心脏病患者健康行为的影响因素

Analysis of Potential Factors Affecting Health Behaviors of Young and Middle-aged Patients with Coronary Heart Disease by PRECEDE Model

目的应用PRECEDE（predisposing，reinforcing and enabling constructs in educational／environmental diagnosisand evalua—tion）模式探讨影响中青年冠状动脉硬化性心脏病（简称冠心病）患者健康行为的因素。方法根据PRECEDE模式自制问卷，便利抽样选择因冠心病首次住院的中青年（18~59岁）患者222例作为研究对象，进行问卷调查和半结构式访谈，内容包括患者一般资料、日常行为习惯以及影响健康行为的相关因素。结果影响中青年冠心病患者健康行为的因素可分为倾向因素（患者健康知识匮乏、健康信念缺失）、促成因素（缺乏健康促进相关政策、有限的社区健康教育）和强化因素（缺乏家庭成员支持及娱乐文化）。结论为更有效促进中青年冠心病患者不良生活方式的改变，健康促进应充分考虑倾向因素、促成因素和强化因素。

Objective To investigate the potential factors affecting health behaviors of the young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease by applying PRECEDE model. Methods A total of 222 inpatients aged 18-59 years old with coronary heart disease（cases） were enrolled into this study. Self- designed questionnaires on the basis of PRECEDE model were used to collect data about demographic information, daily behavior habits and related factors influencing the health behavior. Data for this analysis was collected through semi-structured interviews and consulting a great deal of literature. Results Factors negatively affecting behaviors were classified into predisposing factors （limited knowledge, lack of health beliefs） , enabling factors （absence of health promotion related policy, restricted community health educa- tion） and reinforcing factors （lack of family support and entertainment culture）. Conclusion In order to change the bad lifestyle of patients with coronary heart disease effectively, strategy makers should take pre- disposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors into consideration.