六朝道教龟山龟母新说再论

On the New Ideas of Mount Turtle and Mother Turtle of Taoism in the Six Dynasties

龟山、龟母新说是六朝上清派对昆仑、王母神话的创造性转化。虽则以"龟"为山名早已见诸载籍,惟六朝上清经派对所创造的龟山有明确诠释,龟山与上清宝书出世密切联系,上清经派造构龟山时有意将龟山作为藏经和传经的神圣空间,且上清经派所创龟山本具宇宙本源意义。六朝上清经派亦将西王母与龟山相结合,通过正式锡号受封程序,形成上清经派特有的龟母说。西龟王母具有司命神格,总领仙籍,定简仪轨采用上清"存思"法门。要之,西王母与龟山结合的神学基础为道教元气论,六朝道教创发无不源自"道"之崇拜与信仰。

The new ideas of Mount Mount Kunlun and the Queen Mother mountswere named Turtle are recorded Turtle and Mother Turtle are the creative development of the mythology of of the West made by the Shangqing sect of Six Dynasties. That the in different documents, only the Shangqing sect explains clearly the theological implication of Mount Turtle by connecting Mount Turtle with the birth of Shangqing＇ s scriptures and making Mount Turtle become the sacred space to house and impart the scriptures. Meanwhile, the Shangqing sect of Six Dynasties combines the Queen Mother of West with Mount Turtle through the formal procedure of granting the title and then creates Shangqing＇ s own idea of Mother Turtle. The Queen Mother of West Turtle has the godhood to control the human＇s destiny and she manages the Register of the deities. On the whole, the theological basis to combine the Queen Mother of the West with Mount Turtle is the Taoist theory of Primordial Qi and the Taoist creations in the Six Dynasties all originate from the worship of Dao.