上海家庭结构特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Shanghai Family Structure

目前,上海家庭结构总体呈现:夫妇核心家庭、一人户家庭明显上升;标准核心家庭明显下降;三代直系家庭维持稳定。但是,从上海户籍细分来看,外来人口家庭结构已在很大程度上影响了上海的家庭结构模式,并在一人户家庭、夫妇核心家庭、标准核心家庭、三代直系家庭等家庭结构方面与上海户籍家庭存在着巨大的差异。基于第六次人口普查数据分析,提出以下建议:外来人口家庭已成为上海家庭结构中的重要单元,面对外来人口家庭结构年轻化的特点,对教育、卫生等公共服务设施的配备要未雨绸缪;上海户籍家庭的晚婚晚育与低生育率显著,合理的生育政策将有助于家庭间的代际扶持;上海户籍三代直系家庭比例保持稳定,政府应鼓励这种代际扶持。

At present, Shanghai presents overall family structure like this. the number of couple core family and one person households increases significantly~ that of standard nuclear family decreases~ that of three generations of the immediate family maintains stability. However, in the view of Shanghai census subdivision, floating population family structure, to a great extent, has affected the family structure mode of Shanghai, and different from Shanghai census register family in family structure like one family, couple core family, standard core family and three generations of the immediate family. Based on the analysis of the data of the sixth census, we propose the following, as the family of floating population has become an important element of family structure in Shanghai, in the face of foreign population and family structure becoming young, we should make preparations of other public service facilities like education, health. Shanghai census register family are significantly of late marriage, late childbirth and the low birth rate, so intergenerational reasonable family planning policy will contribute to inter family support. Shanghai census register of three generations of the immediate family ratio remained stable, and the government should encourage the intergenerational support.