基于区位商的高校分类管理研究——以“985工程”高校为例

Study on Systematic Management of China′s Universities Using the Location Quotient Method with Project 985 Universities for Example

高校分类管理是推动高校合理定位,克服同质化发展倾向的主要方法。本文借鉴经济学思想中的区位商思想,构建学科区位商,以自然科学类学科为例对"985工程"高校分类进行了探索,发现:(1)学科区位商客观展示了"985工程"高校学科发展水平及分层与布局;(2)学科数是检验学科发展水平的必要不充分条件;(3)与其它高校分类法相比,区位商分类法具有内涵明确、参照标准可自由切换等特点。区位商方法不仅为探索高校分类管理提供了一种崭新的思路,也为其它相关研究提供了借鉴与参考。

Systematic university management is the main path to reasonable university positioning that will avoid the homogenization of universities. This study takes the idea of location quotient used in economics to develop the discipline location quotient （DLQ）, with natural science programs at Project 985 universities as an example. The findings are： （1） the DLQ objectively reflects the level of development, hierarchy and layout of Project 985 universities; （2） the number of disciplines is a necessary but insufficient indicator to demonstrate the state of a discipline; and （3） the DLQ has an obvious and explicit reference standards comparing to other existing classifications. Therefore, the location quotient method may provide a new path to systematic management of China＇s universities and also reference for related research.