陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养与慢性病关系调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the relationship between dietary nutrition and chronic disease of residents in Baoji city

目的了解陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养相关情况,为制订相关慢性病防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用抽样调查、半定量食物频率调查法和营养成分分析等方法进行调查。结果共调查5 020人。陕西省宝鸡市居民对蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等摄入量不足,分别为平均每人每天摄入213.5、126.8、5.2、50.7 g,而对食用油和盐摄入量超标,分别为52.6、9.5 g;不同性别对谷类、蔬菜类、豆类、奶类、油等摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),城市与农村比较,除油外,其余差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对维生素A、B2、B6和叶酸、钙等摄入量明显不足,对钠摄入量显著超过推荐量,不同性别对营养素摄入量比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);居民中超体质量者占27.0%,肥胖者占5.4%。结论应提倡居民增加蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等食物的摄入,限制油和盐的摄入,通过合理膳食防控高血压、糖尿病等相关慢性病的发生。

Objective To investigate the relevant situation of dietary nutrition of residents in Baoji city of Shaanxi,in order to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measure to chronic disease. Methods Sampling survey, semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and nutrient components analysis methods were adopted for investigation. Results A total of 5 020 people were selected as respondents. The intake of vegetables,fruits,fish and shrimp,milk of the residents in Baoji city was not enough, with the average daily intake of 213.5,126.8,5.2,50.7 g/per capita respectively, while the intake of edible oil and salt exceeded the standard with the average daily intake of 52.6,9.5 g/per capita respectively ; the comparison of food intake between different genders on the intake of grains, vegetables, beans, milk, edible oil and so on had difference （P〈0.05） and the comparison between urban and rural areas except on the intake of edible oil also had difference （P〈0.05） ;the intake of vitamin A, B2, B6 and folic acid, calcium were obviously insufficient, but the intake was significantly more than the recommended, and the comparison between different genders on the intake of nutrients had statistically significant difference （P〈O.05） ;overweight rate and the obesity rate of the residents in Baoji city was 27.0% and 5.4% respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to promote the intake of vegetables and fruits, fish and shrimp, milk and so on, meanwhile to limit the intake of oil and salt among the residents in Baoji city. The chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes mellitus is prevented by reasonable diet.