1990年与2010年西凉湖区土地利用格局对比研究

Comparison of Land Use Patterns in Xiliang Lake in 1990 and 2010

利用1990年和2010年的Landsat TM遥感数据,采用最大似然法,对西凉湖区的土地利用进行机助分类,将西凉湖区土地利用方式分为6种类型:水域、林地、沼泽、水田、旱地和建设用地。并利用ArcGIS进行土地利用方式转移矩阵分析。研究结果表明,与1990年相比,2010年,西凉湖水域面积减少了2 822.71 hm2,旱地面积减少了378.51 hm2,水田和林地面积分别减少了28.46 hm2和25.74 hm2;沼泽面积增加了3 240.4 hm2,建设用地增加了15.02 hm2。西凉湖区部分水域转变为沼泽,反映了湖泊沼泽化的趋势。导致西凉湖区的土地利用格局变化的人为干扰主要为非法筑堤围湖、围网养殖的过度发展、打草耙捞和排放污染物等。

Combining with the field survey results, the comparison of land use pattems in Xiliang Lake in 1990 and 2010 had been explored by the maximum-likelihood method, using remote sensing images from Landsat TM in 1990 and 2010. There were 6 types of land use： waters, forest land, marsh, paddy field, dry land and construction land. The matrix for land use change was obtained by ArcGIS software. The results showed com- pared with those in 1990, the area of waters was decreased by 2 822.71 hm2 in 2010, the one of dry land was decreased by 378.51 hm2, the ones of paddy field and forest land were decreased by 28.46 hm2 and 25.74 hm2, the one of marshes increased by 3 240.4 hm2, the one of construction land increased by 15.02 hm2 in 2010. Quite a lot of waters turned into marshes, which reflected the marshy tendency of Xiliang Lake. The distur- bance of human activities included illegal embankment around the lake, the over-development of fence cul- ture, harvesting water grass, dragging for mussels and discharging pollutants. The natural succession of the plants could be the main natural factor, which led to the degeneration of Xiliang Lake.