历史的轮回与帝国情结——战后土耳其外交的三次转型与“阿拉伯之春”

Repeatation of History and the Complex of Empire: Three Transformations of Turkey's Diplomacy after World War II and “Arab Spring”

奥斯曼帝国晚期曾先后出现过三种重要的政治思潮,即大奥斯曼主义、泛伊斯兰主义和泛突厥主义。第一次世界大战后,土耳其共和国的创始人凯末尔抛弃了上述三种思潮。但在二战后,土耳其开始逐步背离凯末尔主义,其外交先后出现了三次重大转折:从中立转向加入西方联盟,从偏重西方转向向中亚拓展,从偏重中亚转向向阿拉伯邻国拓展。土耳其外交及内政的变化预示了"阿拉伯之春"后阿拉伯国家的发展方向。

In the late Ottoman Empire, there have been three important political trends, i. e. , Pan - Ottomanism, Pan - Turkism and Pan - Islamism. After World War I, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, gave up these ideas. But after World War II, Turkey began to deviate from Kemalism gradu- ally, and there have been three important transformations of her diplomacy, i. e. , those from neutralism to joining the West alliance, then to the extension in the Central Asia, finally to the extension in the Arab neigh- bours. The change of Turkish diplomacy and domestic affairs indicates the direction of the Arab countries after ＂Arab Spring＂.