中国生态效率的区域差异及动态演化研究

Research on Regional Disparity and Dynamic Evolution of Eco-efficiency in China

采用2000-2011年的统计数据,首先运用超效率DEA模型对中国30个省份的生态效率进行测算,在此基础上,运用空间自相关分析方法对中国省域生态效率的演化格局进行了实证分析,以此来探寻影响中国生态效率区域差异变化的空间机制。研究表明:我国生态效率平均水平处于0.854-1.050之间,整体呈现波动性变化趋势。从区域层面看,东部地区、中部地区和西部地区2000-2011年生态效率的平均值依次为1.821,0.559和0.381,生态效率呈现由沿海向内陆、由东部向中西部递减的格局,具有明显的"俱乐部收敛"现象。从省级层面看,生态效率较高的省区集聚于东部经济发达地区,而生态效率较低的省区则集中于西部经济欠发达地区;从全局空间自相关来看,2000-2011年中国各省份生态效率的全局Moran’s I值均显著为正(指数取值范围在0.236-0.400之间),表明中国各地区生态效率呈现出正的空间相关性特征,存在较明显的空间集聚特征,近邻效应显著;从局域空间自相关来看,80%左右的省份表现为在地理空间上显著的空间正相关(H-H集聚和L-L集聚),其中H-H集聚的沿海地区已成为中国生态效率的重要增长极,有着较强的正向辐射效应,有向周围扩散的趋势,而位于L-L集聚区的西部、中部地区的大部分省区及东北三省则在空间分布上较稳定。根据实证分析结果,提出政策建议:一是转变经济发展方式,巩固节能减排效果;二是把握区域发展特征,因地制宜促进发展;三是加强区域合作与交流,寻求区域协调发展新渠道。

This paper has firstly adopted super efficiency DEA model to measure and calculate the regional eco-efficiency in 30 provinces in China, using statistics collected from year 2000 to 2011. On the basis, the pattern of evolution for Chinese provincial eco- efficiency has been analyzed by applying the spatial autoeorrelation method to seek for the spatial mechanism impacting on the changing disparity of Chinese regional eeo-efficiency. The results show that： Firstly, the average level of Chinese eeo-effieiency is between 0. 854 and 1. 050, and has a fluetuant tendency in general. Secondly, from the regional perspective, the average level of eeo-efficieney in eastern, middle and western China are 1. 821,0. 559 and 0. 381 during year 2000 to 2011, which shows a decreasing tendency from coastal regions to inland and from eastern area to middle and western areas, accurately appearing to be an ＇club convergence＇ phenomenon. Thirdly, from the provincial perspective, provinces with high eco-efficiency are assembled in eastern China, in which economy is relatively developed, and on the contrary, those with low eco-efficiency are assembled in western China where economy is less developed. Fourthly, from the general spatial autocorrelation perspective, the degrees of general Moran＇ s I of provincial eco- efficiency in China during year 2000 to 2011 are all positive （ the index range is from 0.236 to 0.400）, which demonstrates that there are positive spatial correlation characteristics among Chinese regional eeo-efficiency, which shows an accurate phenomenon of spatial agglomeration and that the regions and their neighbors have potentially similar trends; and from the local spatial autocorrelation perspective, 80% of the provinces in China distinctly appear to be in positive spatial correlation in geographical space （ with H - H correlation and L - L correlation）. For more details, regions with H - H （ high - high） correlation pattern are mainly located in the eastern coast regions of China where a significant eco-efficieney growth pole exsits, and have a strong positive effect of radiation with an obvious diffusing tendency while regions with L - L （low - low） correlation pattern such as western regions and most of middle regions as well as the 3 provinces in northeast China remain steady in spatial distribution. Conclusively, in terms of the outcomes of empirical analysis, the following policy proposals are put forward ： Firstly, Change the mode of economic development and consolidate the effects of energy-saving and emission-reduction. Secondly, grasp the regional developing characteristics and proceed from the realistic circumstances to promote developments. Thirdly, strengthen regional cooperation and communication and seek for new ways of the coordinated development among regions.