补水移栽对甜菜苗期生长及产量品质的影响

Effect of transplant with supplementary water on seedling growth,yield and quality of sugar beet

为明晰补水移栽对纸筒育苗甜菜苗期生长及产量品质的影响，研究比较了地下式补水与传统的地上式补水的土壤润湿结构特征，补水量对甜菜苗期地下部根系与地上叶片发育的影响，以及补水移栽在两种土壤条件下的甜菜产量与品质效应。结果表明，地下式补水创造了环裹于秧苗纸筒底部的土壤湿润球，利于向秧苗供水与田间有效保水。随补水量的增加，甜菜苗期侧根数、主根长、主根粗、根鲜重、叶片量、叶面积随之显著增长。在华北寒旱区砂质栗钙土农田，以成活率与壮苗为目标的甜菜移栽补水量为150～200 ml·株^-1、壤质草甸栗钙土农田为100～150 ml·株^-1为宜，较不补水甜菜块根增产68.78%～81.82%，糖产量提高65.57%～81.82%。地下式补水移栽，是提高甜菜成活率的关键；适量补水实现培育壮苗，成为甜菜高产的基础。

In order to make clear the effect of transplant with supplementary water on seedling stage growth, yield and quality of sugar beet by paper cylinder seedling, ensure the suitable period for transplant, high yield and good quality of the sugar beet production. We researched and compared the structural characteristics of soil wetting between underground and traditional surface supplementary water, the impacts of supplementary water volumes to the development of root system and leaves in the seedling stage of sugar beet, and the effect of yield and quality of sugar beet under the conditions of transplant with supplementary water and two types of soils. The results showed that underground supplementary water has created a wetted soil ball wrapped the bottom of paper cylinder seedlings, it was useful to supply water for sugar beet seedlings and effectively to keep water in the field. With the supplementary water increasing, the lateral root numbers, taproot length, taproot diameter, fresh root weight, leaf numbers and leaf areas in seedling stage will be significantly increased. In cold and arid regions of North China, for the target of high survival rate and sound seedling, the suitable supplementary water amount was 150 to 200 ml·plant-1 for the sandy chestnut soil, while it was suitable as 100 to 150 ml·plant-1 for loam meadow chestnut soil, with a sugar beet root yield added 68.78% to 81.82% and sugar yield increased 65.57% to 81.82% compared with without supplementary water. Transplanting sugar beet with underground supplementary water was the key to increase the survival rate. So the suitable supplementary water was the basis for cultivating sound seedling and achieving high sugar beet yield. with proper water supply.