春季储水灌溉条件下啤酒大麦节水增产机理研究

The mechanism of water-saving and yield increasing for beer barley under the condition of water storage irrigation in spring

测定了不同春季储水灌溉定额下啤酒大麦出苗率、生长发育动态、土壤水分变化、耗水规律及水分利用效率,并结合气象资料比较不同灌水处理的优越性,分析不同春季储水灌溉定额对土壤水分、降水利用及作物产量的影响。结果表明,将冬季储水灌改为春季储水灌从技术层面上切实可行;在适宜灌水定额条件下,采用春季储水灌溉技术较冬季储水灌溉技术可减少储水灌灌溉水量75mm,减少土壤蒸发37.4%,水分利用效率提高26.2%。在实际大麦种植生产中应以春季储水灌定额75mm,生育期灌水5次,灌水定额75mm为宜,这样不仅可节约有限水资源,还可提高地温及水分利用效率,达到节水、增效的目的。

The germination rate, growing and developing dynamics, soil moisture change, water consumption rule and water use efficiency of beer barley under the different quota of water storage irrigation in spring were measured by the TDR soil moisture measuring instrument combined with the micro-l ysimeters, and conventional determining method for crop indexes, also combined the climate information to compare the advantage of different irrigation treatments. Meteorological materials and other auxiliary data were also used to analyze the effects of different irrigation treatment and analyzed the impacts of different water storage irrigation quotain spring to the soil water, utilization of rainfall and crop yield. The research results have showed that it was really feasi ble from the technical level to change the water storage irrigation in Winter into the water storage irrigation in spring under the conditions of suitable irrigation quota, using the water storage irrigation technology in spring compared with the winter irrigation, the irrigation water volume can be reduced 75 mm, the soil evaporation reduced 37.4% and the water use efficiency increased 26.2%. It was advisable to 75 mm for spring irrigation quota, five irrigation times for whole growing period with the irrigation quota of 75 mm for the actual production of barley planting. This technology not only can be saving the limited water resources, improving the ground temperature and water use efficiency, to achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing benefit.