市场激励型排放机制一定优于命令型排放机制吗?

Is Market Incentive Mechanism More Effective than Command and Control Mechanism in Reducing the Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

西方学者多认为排放交易机制作为市场激励型减排机制,相比传统的命令型减排机制在应对温室气体减排时更有效率。但在评价市场激励型排放机制与命令型排放机制的优劣时,西方学者过于强调前者在履约成本方面的优势,忽略其政策形成、执行和监控成本以及对排放实体环境道德意识的影响。基于对欧美排放交易市场的分析发现,在减排初期各市场均因过度分配排放额而导致排放额价格低下,降低了减排动力。基于此,欧美政府在实施排放交易机制的同时,亦借助命令型减排机制对其缺陷进行矫正。中国当前应探索一种将市场排放交易机制与命令型减排机制结合起来的环境政策搭配,以发挥温室气体减排的最大实效。

Emission trading rule as a market incentive mechanism is deemed by most western scholars as superior to the traditional command and control mechanism in dealing with the reduction of greenhouse gas.However,when comparing these two mechanisms,western scholars attach excessive importance to the compliance costs of the market incentive mechanism but neglect the cost of framing,enforcing and monitoring it. The impacts on individual environment ethics by different mechanisms are also overlooked.The empirical studies of various greenhouse gas emission trading markets in EU and US show that the over-allocation of emission allowance lowers the carbon price,and restrains the emitter's incentives of reduction,which is remedied by the command and control mechanism.It is necessary for China to establish a system which will incorporate the market incentive mechanism with the traditional command and control mechanism to reduce the greenhouse gas.