水稻开花期调控分子机理研究进展

Research Progress on Regulatory Molecular Mechanisms of Flowering Time in Rice

水稻准确地感知外部环境信号,通过内部复杂的基因网络做出反应,在一年中最适合的时候开花繁殖。与长日促进长日模式植物拟南芥开花相反,短日促进短日模式植物水稻开花。通过对水稻和拟南芥的开花期调控机理的对比分析,发现水稻和拟南芥有着一些相对保守的开花期控制基因,其调控机理也是相似的。另外,水稻也有一些独特的开花期控制基因和开花途径。本文着重从光周期对水稻开花期的调控途径和作用机理角度进行了阐述,并对水稻开花期的自然变异与其育种应用、生物钟关联基因、光中断现象和临界日长现象以及开花期与产量的关系进行了总结。

In order to bloom at the most appropriate time of a year, plants perceive the environment signals and response with an endogenous complex molecular network. Contrary to Arabidopsis, the model long-day plant, the flowering time of rice, the model short-day plant, is promoted under short-day conditions. Extensive studies on the molecular mechanisms of flowering time in rice and Arabidopsis reveal that several flowering time related genes are highly conserved between rice and Arabidopsis. Rice also has unique genes which are involved in response to photoperiod. In the paper, we have reviewed the recent understanding of flowering time in rice including the molecular pathways response to photoperiod, natural variation of rice flowering time, the application of flowering time genes, circadian related gene in rice, phenomenon of night break and critical day length response, and the relationship between flowering time and yield.