我国冬瓜和节瓜种质资源的研究现状及建议

Research Progress and Suggestion on Germplasms of Ash Gourd and Chieh-qua

冬瓜及其变种节瓜原产我国南部地区,是我国传统的重要菜药兼用型蔬菜品种,现广泛分布于亚洲的热带、亚热带和温带地区。目前我国国家种质资源库中保存的冬瓜和节瓜种质资源分别只有299份和69份,且仅对几个种质特征进行了简单描述,许多重要的种质特征信息尚为空白,种质资源的遗传多样性也众说不一。建议今后我国冬瓜和节瓜种质资源研究应重点开展以下几个内容:(1)搜集与抢救散落在民间的大量冬瓜、节瓜种质资源,扩充国家种质资源库;(2)系统、完整地对冬瓜、节瓜种质资源的特征特性进行鉴定;(3)创建我国冬瓜、节瓜种质资源的分子身份证产权保护系统;(4)鉴别和区分冬瓜种质资源中的同名异物或同物异名资源,构建核心冬瓜、节瓜种质资源库。

Ash gourd （ Benincasa hispida Cogn. ） and its variation of chieh-qua （ Benincasa hispida Cogn. var. chieh-qua How. ）, originated in southern areas of China, now widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate parts of Asia, are traditional important vegetables and medical herbs. At the present time, only 299 accessions of ash gourd and 69 accessions of chieh-qua germplasms are distributed in National Germplasm Center in China, just several germplasm characteristics are simply and roughly descripted, however, many important germplasm characteristics information is blank and many different versions on genetic diversity of germplasm resources of ash gourd and chieh-qua are existed. Recommendations for future research directions ： （ 1 ） to collect and rescue the plentiful germplasms scatted in folk and expand the National Germplasms Center in China. （2）to systematiclly survey the whole germplasm characteristics. （3） to construct the molecular identity information database of germplasms. （4）to distinguish the synonym and homonym germplasms, and construct the core germplasms.