草海湿地生态系统健康评价

Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Health in the Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province

贵州省威宁草海是贵州最大的天然高原淡水湖泊,同时也是我国亚热带高原湿地生态系统的典型代表,成为中国西南地区迁徙水禽的重要越冬地和停歇地。但草海湿地生态系统由于人类活动加剧引起的其功能作用会削弱、生物多样性会降低、水体富营养化等生态环境问题多方面的影响导致其表现出明显的生态脆弱性,尤其是在其生态系统的生态环境方面表现尤为突出。如果草海受到多方面的影响不及时加以制止和消除,将直接威胁着草海湿地生态系统的稳定。本文首先从湿地的生态特征、功能和社会经济环境三个方面的30个主要影响草海生态健康的因子进行分析,并对每个因子的健康状况进行调查、分析说明。其次,利用模糊综合评价模型中的层次分析法对草海生态健康影响的30个主要因子进行了整合分析,并对草海现在的健康状况应用平均加权原则进行了评估。最后,针对草海目前的健康状况,对草海今后的防治提出了相关建议。

The Caohai Lake wetland, in Weining of Guizhou Province, is the largest natural plateau freshwater lake, and it also becomes a typical representative of China＇s subtropical plateau wetland ecosystem and a vital wintering and stopover site for waterfowl in the southwest of China. But the Caohai Lake wetland ecosystem caused by intensifying human activities influenced the ecological environment problems, for instance, its functions will be weakened, its biodiversity will decrease, thus leading to water eutrophication. It shows the obvious ecological vulnerability, especially it is particularly prominent that in terms of its e cosystem ecology environment. If it can＇t be solved in time, the problem of contamination of the Caohai Lake wetland ecosys- tem would directly threaten the stability of the Caohai Lake wetland ecosystem. Firstly, the paper made a review on 30 major influence factors from the wetland ecological characteristics, functional integration and social economic environment of the Cao- hal Lake wetland ecosystem; and then, it assessed the Caohai Lake wetland ecosystem health by using the weighted average principle after applying the analytical hierarchy process of fuzzy synthetic evaluation model in its influence factors; finally, it put forward recommendations about the Caohai Lake wetland ecosystem reconstruction and development in the future in terms of the Caohai Lake wetland ecosystem health status.