薄煤层冲击矿压发生机理及防治研究

Occurrence mechanism and prevention research on rock burst of thin coal seam

分析了崔庙矿薄煤层诱发冲击矿压的原因,验证了薄煤层深部开采时具有冲击矿压现象,实验研究了薄煤层的冲击矿压危险性与煤岩体的结构特征的关系,即组合煤岩试样的冲击能指数随着顶板与煤样高度比值的增加而增加,随着煤岩高度比减小,组合煤岩单轴抗压强度增大,煤层厚度的变化对煤体中的应力分布有着很大的影响,探讨了薄煤层应力分布及转移规律和冲击矿压机理,即煤层越薄,煤体承载能力越强,越不容易产生应力转移,由于开采煤体,引起峰值应力区垂直应力升高,水平应力对煤体约束减小,导致冲击矿压。文中以崔庙矿为工程研究背景,通过设置切顶巷和顶板深孔爆破降低了冲击危险性,取得了显著效果,验证了薄煤层开采切顶巷防冲技术和顶板预裂爆破技术的可行性。

The paper analyzed the cause of rock bursts in thin coal seam,To verify the thin coal seam in deep mining has the rock burst phenomena, and experimentally studied the relationship between the coal rock burst and the structure of coal rock strata, The index of burst energy of the combined sample increa- ses with the increase of height ratio of roof to coal, the uniaxial comprehensive strength increases linearly with the decrease of height ratio of coal and rock of coal-rock compound samples. Thickness of coal seam plays a great role in the vertical distribution of stress in coal. Finally, discussed mechanism and the stress distribution and transference of rock burst in thin coal seam, that is, the thinner the coal seam, the stron- ger the carrying capacity of coal is, the more it is not easy to produce stress transfer, and the stress trans- ference of the vertical stress increasing and the horizontal stress abrupt decreasing in peak stress zone, resulting in the happening of rock bursts. Taking Cuimiao Mine as research object, the rock burst hazard is decreased with the cutting roof roadway and roof deep-hole blasting, and notable effect has been reached, proving the feasibility of cutting roof roadway rock burst prevention technology and roof presplitting blasting technology for thin coal seam group mining.