2007-2012年北京市西城区中小学水痘暴发疫情流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in middle schools and primary schools in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2007-2012

目的了解2007—2012年北京市西城区中小学校水痘暴发疫情流行特征，探讨中小学校水痘暴发疫情的流行规律，为北京市西城区乃至全市水痘疫情的防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集北京市《水痘病例流行病学个案调查表》Epidata数据库中年度为“2007—2012”，职业为“小学生”、“中学生”，疫情性质为“暴发”的水痘病例作为研究对象，采用描述流行性学方法分析暴发疫情的流行病学三问分布情况以及暴发病例的发病情况。结果2007-2012年jE京市城区中小学水痘暴发疫情呈“双峰”分布特征，两个发病高峰分别为3—5月份和10月一次年1月份，与其他城市有所不同，水痘暴发疫情横跨春季、秋季、冬季3个季节。北京市西城区水痘暴发疫情呈现明显的季节性分布特征，暴发疫情发生地区主要集中在月坛街道和展览路街道，暴发病例年龄集中在6～12岁，其中大多数患者已接种过1剂次水痘疫苗，出疹程度以轻度为主。结论北京市西城区水痘暴发疫情主要集中在小学，小学生是发病的重点人群，应作为疫情防控的重点。大多数患者临床症状不典型，不易被及时发现，亟待调整现行的防控措施，在适当范围采取停课、放假等措施有利于控制疫情的蔓延传播。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks which occurred in middle schools and primary schools in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2007 and 2012, explore the occurrence regularity of varicella so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling varicella in Beijing. Methods We selected pupils＇ and middle school students＇ varicella outbreak cases, which occurred in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2007 to 2012, surveyed by Individual Questionnaire for Epidemiological Information of Varicella Case, and collected from EpiDatabase. Descriptive epidemiologieal method was used to analyze the time, regional and population distribution of varicella outbreaks and the inci- dence situation and clinical manifestations of the cases. Results There were 21 outbreaks of varicella reported in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2007 to 2012. The outbreaks had a double peak period and usually occurred in spring and autumn, especially during the beginning of winter, which showed significant seasonal distribution. The outbreak events re- gionally concentrated on Yuetan Avenue and Zhanlanlu Avenue. Most of the patients ranged in age from 6 to 12 years and had received 1 dose of variceIla vaccine, and hence the majority of outbreak events were mild cases. Conclusions Prima- ry schools in Xicheng District of Beijing are the main places occurring varicella outbreak events, and pupils are the key popu- lation in preventing and controlling varicella. Most of the patients show atypical clinical manifestations and are not easy to be found in time. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the existing preventive and control measures and adopt effective counter- measures so as to control the epidemic spread of varicella.