张仲景肺系疾病用药规律研究

Research on ZHANG Zhong-jing′s Lung System Diseases Medication Regular Pattern

目的探索张仲景肺系疾病的用药规律,以期更好地指导中医临床。方法将张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中的条文,按照肺系统所涉及的疾病依次归类,统计肺系用药的功效、四气、五味、归经和前15味药物。结果功效用药依次为补虚药、解表药、化痰止咳平喘药、温里药、清热药、泻下药、利水渗湿药、活血化瘀药、收涩药等;四气用药依次为温、寒、平、热、凉;五味用药依次为甘、辛、苦、酸、咸;归经用药依次为:肺经、脾经、心经、肝经、胃经、肾经等;前15味药物依次为甘草、大枣、干姜、生姜、桂枝、半夏、人参、五味子、芍药、茯苓、麻黄、细辛、桔梗、石膏、杏仁、附子、蜂蜜。结论张仲景用药灵活严谨,就肺系用药规律概括为"表里同治,上下兼医,调节宣肃,匡正治节,注重肺胃,权衡攻补,辛温化饮,苦寒泄肺,治从五脏,兼顾肠腑"。

Objective： To study the rule of medication, which functions in series diseases of lung that founded by ZHANG Zhong-jing,was expected to conduct the clinic of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods： The diseases of lung meridian based on the content in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases were classified. And then, some indices were collected including the efficacy of using medicines of lung meridian, four properties, five tastes, meridian tropism and top fifteen kinds of drugs. Results： The order of efficacy of taking drugs were tonic drugs, diaphoretic drugs, expectorant cough suppressant and anti-asthmatic drugs ,interior-warming drugs, antipyretics drugs, diarrhea drugs, water and dampness-eliminating drugs, invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis drugs, astringent drugs and so on. In turn of four properties were warm, cold, neutral, and hot. The order of five tastes weresweet, acrid, bitter, salty and sour. In turn of meridian tropism： lung meridian, spleen meridian,heart meridian,liver meridian and kidney meridian. The top fifteen kinds of drugs were Licorice,Ziziphi Fruit, Dried Ginger, Fresh Ginger, Cinnamon Twig, Pinellia, Ginseng, Schisandra, Peony, Poria, Ephedra, Asarum, Platycodon,Gypsum,Apricot seed,Aconite and Honey. Conclusion： ZHANG Zhong-jing is perfect in taking medicines ; the rule of medication is that treating the outside and the inside at the same time, so as the up and the down,opsonizing diffusion and descending of lung, focusing on lung and stomach, keeping balance between elimination and nourishment,taking acrid and warm drugs to eliminate phlegm, bitter and cold drugs to clear the lung heat. Starting the course of treatment from five viscera, especially the large intestine.