美国非洲战略在其国家安全战略中地位的演变

The Changes of Importance of the U. S. African Strategy in Its National Security Strategy

二战结束以来,美国的非洲战略在其国家大战略中的地位经历起伏。冷战期间,非洲仅仅作为辅助美全球战略实施的边缘化地区。冷战结束后初期,由于失去了作为美苏对抗筹码的价值,非洲的重要性下降。直到90年代中期,随着非洲经济向好和恐怖主义威胁的提升,非洲的重要性才有所回升。"9.11"恐怖袭击极大地改变了美国的外交进程。美国担心非洲的"失败国家"和"无人管理地带"可能会成为滋生恐怖主义的"温床",将非洲提升到了"高优先级",非洲战略首次进入到美国国家安全战略。

Since the end of the Second World War,the importance of the U. S. African strategy has experienced ups and downs. During the Cold War, Africa was much marginalized and only taken as an area in support of implementing American global strategy. In the wake of the Cold War, the importance of Africa decreased, as it lost its value in the strategic contention between the U. S. and Soviet Union. From the mid 1990s on, as African economy was getting better and the threat of terrorism was rising,the importance of Africa was picking up again. 9 /11 terrorist attack has fundamentally changedAmerican diplomatic process. As the U. S. has worried that the ' failed states ' and 'unmanaged areas' in Africa might become the 'breeding ground' for terrorism,it has viewed Africa with high priority and American African strategy was taken into its national security strategy for the first time.