《诗经》“雨雪霏霏”考辨──兼析《十三经注疏》对《诗经》八处“雨雪”之训释

Analysis of the Verse “Rain and Snow Fall Thick and Fast”(雨雪霏霏) in Shijing(《诗经》)——And the Explanation of the Eight Citations of “Rain and Snow” in Shijing(《诗经》) from the Commentary and Subcommentary to the Thirteen Classics(《十三经注疏》

《十三经注疏》将《诗经·小雅·采薇》"雨雪霏霏"一句中的"雨雪"释为动词"下雪",通行的诸多注译本和教材也都如此解释。但从训诂学、语法学及《诗经》自身体例等角度分析,"雨雪霏霏"中"雨雪"应为名词,即"雨"和"雪"之义,"霏霏"为形容词,即"雨雪盛貌"。此外,考《诗经》其他7处"雨雪",应释为名词的为《邶风·北风》"雨雪其雱"与"雨雪其霏"以及《小雅·出车》"雨雪载涂"中的"雨雪";应释为动词"下雪"义的为《小雅·信南山》"雨雪雰雰"和《小雅·頍弁》"如彼雨雪"以及《小雅·角弓》"雨雪瀌瀌"与"雨雪浮浮"中的"雨雪"。

The explanation from the Commentary and Subcommentary to the Thirteen Classics （《十三经注疏》） on ＂the rain and snow＂ from the sentence ＂rain and snow fall thick and fast＂ in Shijing ~ Xiaoya. Caiwei（《诗经·小雅·采薇》） indicates that the ＂rain and snow＂ is a verb, and many prevailing books, translation and teaching materials do the same. But from the perspectives of exegetical literature, semantics, syntax, the stylistic characteristics of Shijing（《诗经》 ） and many others, ＂the rain and snow＂ from the sentence ＂rain and snow fall thick and fast＂ is a noun, meaning rain and snow. It is also inappropriate for some scholars to explain it as substantive compound words. ＂Falling thick and fast＂ （霏霏） is adjective and the meaning is the appearance of rain and snow. In addition, it is found in the research that among the other seven ＂rain and snow＂ in Shijing（ 《诗经》） the nouns include expressions like ＂rain and snow fall thick＂ （雨雪其雱）, ＂thick and fast are the rain and snow＂ （雨雪其霏） from Beifeng · Beifeng（《邶风·北风》）, and ＂rain and snow cover the road＂ （雨雪载涂） from Xiaoya· Chuche （《小雅·出车》）. ; and verbs meaning ＂to snow＂ include expressions like ＂rain and snow fall thick and fast＂ （雨雪雰雰） from Xiaoya · Xinnanshan（ 《小雅·信南山》）, and ＂like snow＂ （如彼雨雪） from Xiaoya · Kuibian（ 《小雅·頍弁》 ） ,and ＂rain and snow wet＂ （雨雪瀌瀌） and ＂rain and snow float＂ （雨雪浮浮） from Xiaoya · Jiaogong（《小雅·角弓》 ）.