中国共产党对富农的认识历程及政策演变研究综述

Review of the Studies on Chinese Communist Party's History of Understanding the Kulak and Changes of Policies on Them

近年来,学界关于中共对富农的认识历程及政策演变的研究主要围绕以下几个问题展开:中共对富农概念的界定、富农的性质是封建剥削者还是农村资产阶级的判断以及富农的划分标准;中共富农政策从打击、中立或联合到保存、限制直至消灭富农的演变轨迹;共产国际、联共(布)如何影响中共对富农的认识及政策制定,中共如何摆脱共产国际的影响;毛泽东、刘少奇、瞿秋白、张闻天等中共早期领导人对富农的认识及其差异性。虽然成果丰硕,但也存在诸如研究缺乏整体性、系统性等缺陷,且大部分研究只是还原历史真相,对中共富农政策演变对于历史上中共统一战线的影响和当前农民政策实施可资借鉴的经验与教训的研究比较缺乏。

In recent years, the studies on the kulak problem have drawn fruitful results. Generally, the following issues are discussed. First, how to define the CCP＇s concepts of kulaks, rich peasants, the nature of the feudal exploiters or rural bourgeoisie and how to formulate criteria for the classification of them？ The second is the evolution path from the CCP＇s policies of cracking down on kulak, neutralization, union or preservation, restrictions, and elimination of them. Third, how the Communist International （Bolsheviks） affects CCP＇s understanding of kulak and how CCP got rid of its influence？ Fourth, discussions are focused on the understanding of the early leaders of the CCP, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Wentian etc. and their differences. Although significant achievements had been reached, there are also a number of shortcomings and deficiencies, such as lack of holistic facts, systematic analysis and relevance in the studies. Therefore, we should further explore the experiences and lessons.