我国银行业市场结构效应分析——兼论其对中小商业银行市场定位的影响

An Analysis of China's Banking Structural Effect and Its Impact on the Location of Mediumandsmall Commercial Banks

运用银行业市场结构的基本概念和理论所做的实证分析表明 ,我国四大国有银行的市场集中度高达 80 %以上 ,而我国商业银行中并没有表现出明显的规模经济特征。由于市场进入壁垒的存在和市场有效退出机制的缺失使得中国银行业呈现出大银行垄断和低水平过度竞争并存的格局。这种市场结构所引致的微观效应是 :四大银行过度垄断 ,规模不经济 ;宏观效应是 :银行体系信用萎缩 ,对实质经济缺乏有力支持。以新兴股份制商业银行和城市商业银行为代表的中小商业银行群体在市场定位战略的制订与实施过程中必须充分考虑这些市场结构效应因素。

Empirical analyses made in the frame of basic concept and theory of banking market structure shows that market centralization degree of China's four large stateowned commercial banks is above 80 percent. However, China's banking doesn't appear obvious characteristic of economies of scales. Due to the existence of entry barrier and the absence of effective exit mechanism, China's banking takes on coexistence phase of excessive competition. The microeffect induced by the market structure is that four large banks' excessive monopoly and diseconomies of scales. The macroeffect is the shrinks of the credit of bank system, which can't offer powerful support for substantial economy growth. So when determining the market location strategy,mediumandsmall commercial bank colony represented by emerging stock commercial banks and city commercial banks should fully consider the market structural effect.