26种云南中草药的体外抗菌活性筛选

Screening of in vitro antimicrobial activities of 26 traditional Chinese herbs in Yunnan

目的：考察26种云南产中草药提取物的体外抗临床常见病原菌活性。方法：制备药材80％乙醇冷提与热提物，用琼脂扩散法测抑菌圈直径、微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（M1C）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：26种药材中，臭牡丹、艾胶算盘子、番石榴和千张纸的冷提物对金黄色葡萄球菌（简称金葡菌）及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的活性较好，其抑菌圈直径范围在13-16ram（金葡菌）和11-20mm（MRSA）之间，MIC／MBC范围为256-256／512～〉1024mg／L（金葡菌）和64-1024／512～〉1024mg／L（MRSA）；臭牡丹、番石榴和艾胶算盘子的冷提物对大肠埃希菌有较好抑制作用（抑菌圈14-15mm，MIC／MBC256-1024／512-〉1024mg／L）；栌菊木对白色念珠菌有一定的活性（15mm）。结论：26种中草药有不同程度抑菌活性，尤以千张纸、臭牡丹，番石榴、艾胶算盘子和栌菊木的醇提物对不同菌有较好的抑菌活性；此外提取温度对抗菌活性具有一定的影响，药材冷提取物抑菌活性稍优于热提取物。

Objective： To determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extracts from 26 traditional Chinese herbs grown in Yunnan. Methods： The herbal extracts were prepared with 80% ethanol cold and heat by maceration and reflux methods. Their antimicrobial activities were screened and the inhibition zone diameters （IZDs） were determined by agar-diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） by microdilution method. Results： The 26 ethanol extracts showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with different potency. Among which Oroxylum indicum extract showed the best inhibition against both S. aureus （SA） and methicillin-resistant S. aureus （MRSA）. The ranges of IZDs were 16~20mm, and MICs/MBCs were 256/512mg/L （SA） and 64-512/512-〉1 024mg/L （MRSA, n=6）, respectively. The extracts from Clerodendrum bungei, Psidium guajava and Glochidion lanceolarium showed better inhibition against both SA and E. coli （IZDs=11-20mm and MIC/ MBC=256-〉1 024mg/L）. The extract from Nouelia insignis Franch showed IZD of 15mm against C. albicans. Conclusion： The ethanol extracts from 26 traditional Chinese herbs showed different antimicrobial activities, especially O. indicum C. bungei, P. guajava L, G. lanceolarium and N. insignis Franch with promising antimicrobial activities. In addition, extract temperature had some influence on the antimicrobial activities of the drugs. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the cold alcoholic extracts were slightly better than that of the hot alcoholic extracts.