Toll样受体在脑白质损伤中的研究进展

Advancement of Toll-like receptors in white matter damage

早产儿脑白质损伤是低出生和极低出生体重儿脑损伤的主要形式,但其病因及发病机制尚未完全明确.目前认为Toll样受体在脑白质损伤的发病机制中起重要作用.Toll样受体是天然免疫受体家族,Toll样受体信号通路被激活可分泌大量TNF-α、IL-1β、活性氧、活性氮、NO等炎症因子,促使免疫应答反应发生.神经免疫应答对脑白质产生损伤,即脑内小胶质活化和星形胶质增殖.Toll样受体为脑白质损伤等疾病预防治疗提供新的研究方向.该文对Toll样受体在早产儿脑白质损伤性疾病中的研究进展作一综述.

White matter damage in premature infant is the main form of brain damage in low birth and very low birth weight children, but its etiology and pathogenesis is not fully clear. Present studies show that Toll- Eke receptors（TLR） play an important role in the white matter damage mechanism. TLRs are regulators of innate immune responses. The studies have found that TLRs signaling pathway is activated to secrete large amounts of TNF-α, IL-1β, reactive oxygen species （ROS） and reactive nitrogen（ RNS）, NO, and other inflammatory factors, inducing the immune response. Nerve immune response damages brain white matter, namely the activation of mi- croglia and proliferation of astrocytes in brain. TLRs provide a new research direction for prevention and treat- ment. Therefore, the research and progress of toii-Eke receptors in premature brain white matter injury disease are summarized.