对欧美创业型大学的比较及反思——以麻省理工学院和沃里克大学为例

Comparison of and Reflections on Entrepreneurial Universities in Europe and America:Taking the Case of MIT and Warwick University

伴随知识经济社会的发展,大学在智力支持、科研保障方面的作用日益凸显,并纷纷主动走出校园,步入创业型时代。通过对以麻省理工学院和沃里克大学为主要代表的欧美创业型大学的比较分析,发现他们面临同样的政府财政紧缩环境,需要改善与政府、企业间的关系,吸纳创业文化,但在转型动力、学校类型方面有所不同。反思创业型大学的改革,认为其更加注重科研成果的转化,与政府、企业建立融洽关系,但并不是所有的大学都适合走创业型道路,更不能将个别的创业视为创业型大学的主要特征。

Along with the development of knowledge economy, colleges and universities have become more and more important in intellectual support and guarantee of scientific research, and many of them have come out of campus, thus entering an entrepreneurial era. Bying taking MIT and Warwick Uni versity comparative analysis as the main representative of the entrepreneurial university in Europe and America, we find that they are faced with government financial retrenchment and need to improve the relationship between the enterprise and the government and to introduce entrepreneurial culture, but they are quite different in the driving force of their transformation and their school types. Reflections on the reform of these entrepreneurial universities reveal that they pay more attention to the transfor mation of scientific achievements and try to establish a harmonious relationship between enterprises and government. However, not all universities are suitable for an entrepreneurial way and individual cases of business starting should not be regarded as the main characteristic of an entrepreneurial uni versity.