近代普、俄两国农奴制改革的共同点探析

Analysis of common point in modern Prussian, Russian Serfdom reform

1807年普鲁士政府颁布《十月敕令》,宣布废除国内的农奴制度。50多年后,沙皇亚历山大二世签署了废除农奴的法令。这两次农奴制改革前后相距半个多世纪,却有许多惊人的相同点。它们都是在对外战争失败的危机催生的,由封建国家侵略扩张的本性所决定;他们都是由旧统治阶级领导下进行的改革,因为两国国内各阶级力量的对比不存在自下而上的革命方式解决的可行性;改革的过程都是曲折反复,带有很大的保守性,保存了许多封建农奴制残余,对两国以后的发展产生了深远的影响;改革消除了贵族与资产阶级经济上的等级界限,为两国由封建贵族专制的国家演变成贵族—资产阶级专政的国家奠定了基础。

In 1807 the Pussian government promulgated the ＂edict of october＂ announced the abolition of the serf system. 50 years later, the Tsar Alexander S signed the decree abolishing serfdom. Around the time of the two reform of the serf system are more than half a century, Out there are. many astonishing similarities. They are born in a foreign war failed crisis, which is decided by the aggression of the feudal nature; they are reform led by the old ruling class, because the feasibility of solution between the class does not exist the revolutiorn; reform process is full of twists and turns, with great conservative, saved many remnants ot the feudal serfdom, far-reaching impact on the development of bilateral later; reform eliminated grade of aristqcracy and bourgeoisie in e conqmy： the two from the feudal aristocracy country become noble and the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie of the country laid the toundation.