独居老年高血压患者自我管理能力与生存质量的相关性研究

The relationship of self-management skills and the quality of life among solitary elderly patientswith hypertension

目的探讨独居老年高血压患者自我管理能力与生存质量的相关性。方法采用自行设计的高血压自我管理量表及健康调查简表（SF-36）对本社区110例独居老年高血压患者自我管理情况及生存质量进行评分，并对两者的相关性进行分析。结果经调查发现，独居老年高血压患者自我管理能力处于中等水平，患者自我管理能力平均得分为（78．6±5.2）分。自我管理良好者SF-36总评分高于自我管理中等及自我管理差者，差异有统计学意义。经相关性分析可知，老年高血压患者治疗管理、饮食管理、社会心理管理、运动管理、血压管理、总体自我管理均与生存质量成正相关。经单因素分析可知，影响独居老年患者自我管理能力的因素包括性别、文化程度、社会资源利用度。结论社区护理人员应重视老年高血压患者饮食、运动、治疗、社会心理等方面的自我管理能力，提高患者生存质量。此外，社区护士应加强对文化程度较低、社会资源利用度较差的男性独居老年人群的干预，提高此部分患者的自我管理能力。

Objective To investigate the relationship of self-management skills and the quality of life among solitary elderly patients with hypertension. Methods 110 cases of solitary elderly patients with hypertension were measured with self-designed Self-management of Hypertension Scale and Short Form Health Survey （SF-36） and the correlation of them was analyzed. Results The levels of self- management skills of elderly hypertensive patients was at a middle level,and the mean score of self- management skills was （78.6 ±5.2） points. The total score of SF-36 of patients with good self-manage- ment skills was higher than those with bad self-management skills. The therapy management, catering management, psychosocial management, sports management and overall quality of self-management of elderly patients with hypertension were positively correlated with survival quality. The factors influencing self-management ability of patients incuded education, gender, social resource utilization, psychological conditions. Conclusions Community health nurses should pay attention to self-management skills such as diet, exercise, therapy, social and psychological aspects in elderly hypertensive patients in order to improve their quality of life. Furthermore community nurses should strengthen intervention for solitary elderly males with lower education level, poor utilization of social resources to improve their self-management skills.